The article describes the advantages and disadvantages of using ethanol as a motor fuel additive mixed and prospects of this direction in Ukraine.

The aim of the study is to determine the advantages and disadvantages in the implementation in Ukraine of motor fuel mixtures containing ethanol.

The object of the research is theoretical ethanol as an additive to petrol engine mixed with different concentrations.

Purpose of the study - environmental and economic efficiency of motor gasoline mixed with ethanol content, the effect of ethanol on changing physical, chemical and performance properties of motor fuels mixtures.

Research methods - theoretical.

During the work it was investigated the annual need for Ukraine in light oil and Directions implementation and bioethanol.

Described in detail the possible disadvantages that are associated with the production of bioethanol fuel. But despite all the flaws are listed, bioethanol fuel is an alternative and has some advantages, which are also discussed in the article.

The results of the research can be argued that Ukraine has a competitive advantage in the production of fuel ethanol: rich soil, favorable agricultural infrastructure and tradition of growing grain. It is therefore advisable to introduce in Ukraine bioethanol production, which will improve the energy balance, reduce the country's dependence on imported energy, optimizing energy structure, which has a positive effect on energy security of the country.

KEY WORDS: BIOETHANOL MOTOR FUEL MIXTURE, OPERATING, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE EXHAUST GASES.

The article presents the results of the measurements of the impact of pilot injection advance and duration on the DI engine noise emission.

In Kiev operates 118 well-room facilities, including in Kiev to - 9 complexes Darnytskyi - 20, Dniprovskyi - 20,Desnyanskyi - 20, Obolonskyi - 16, Pecherskyi - 4, Podilskyi - 12,Svyatoshynskyi - 3,Solomyanskyi - 3, Shevchenkivskyi district - 11, which provides the technical work Kyivvodokanal. Approximately 66% of water wells contains high amount of iron, manganese, hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, sulfates, chlorides, carbonates and other impurities, which usually requires additional treatment of the water. Often artesian water does not meet the requirements for bacteriological parameters and not tested for heavy metals. The solution could be the use of atomic absorption analysis, as it is a fairly accurate method of determining contaminants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the environmental safety of samples of drinking water in the well-room districts of Kyiv in the presence of heavy metals.

Samples were taken in 6 well-room complexes Shevchenkivskyi and Pecherskyi areas of Kyiv. Study sites are characterized by different factors: geographical, level of anthropogenic load, frequency of use. For comparison, the water was taken as the central water supply and artificially purified drinking water.Laboratory studies have been conducted on the basis of «Ukrainian Research Institute of Alcohol and biotechnology food products».

The choice of such heavy metals as cadmium, plyumbum, copper and zinc because of their negative effect on the human body and the widest spread in the environment.

Changes in the concentration of heavy metals and excess of the maximum allowable concentrationover well-room complexes can be seen on most points.

Tap water is purified water and artificial «Alaska « is not found in comparison with other well-room water samples exceeded extraordinary concentration and are mean values​​.

To improve the environmental well-room safe drinking water is necessary to conduct a number of activities that require detailed discussions with both sides of the government and the public.

KEY WORDS: drinking water, well-room complex, the maximum allowable concentration, atomic absorption analysis.

This article gives an summarizing and comparison of the available information for monitoring and determining the status of vehicle faults, system equipped with warm thermal battery comprising an onboard information - diagnostic complex developed on the basis of virtual enterprise to operate motor transport operating under ITS.

Object of study-process of monitoring the status of a vehicle breakdown during their operation in terms of intelligent transport systems.

Objective- definition, comparisons and prospects justify monitoring and troubleshooting the status of vehicles equipped with an warm, composed of board information - diagnostic systems when the remote control, define and manage the capacity for work, and in general, operation of the vehicle.

Method study - analysis, identification, synthesis and comparison of the available information on the monitoring and determining the status of the fault in the composition of airborne vehicle information - diagnostic systems, remote control for the sound operation of the TC process online, working under ITS.

To monitor the status and fault vehicle equipped with an warm, composed of board information - diagnostic complex, the definition of sound management of the operation of the TC in the article, it was determined collectively and relatively available information on the status monitoring and troubleshooting the vehicle, working in conditions of ITS. For this problem is solved, namely a comparison is justified and the prospects for implementing monitoring and determining the status of vehicle faults, which is equipped with warm heat accumulator comprising an onboard information - diagnostic complex when the remote control, define and manage the operation of the vehicle. The prospects for further development of monitoring and troubleshooting the status of vehicles as part of on-board information - diagnostic systems.

Our results can be incorporated into the operation of vehicles in intelligent transport systems.

Assumptions about the development of the object of research - to find the optimal exchange of information in the process of remote monitoring and troubleshooting the status of vehicles as part of on-board information - diagnostic systems.

KEYWORDS: TECHNICAL OPERATION VEHICLE, REMOTE MONITORING, STATUS DETERMINATION, DAMAGE SIDE INFORMATION - DIAGNOSTIC CENTER, VIRTUAL ENTERPRISES OPERATING MOTOR TRANSPORT

The road and the totality of its elements in the operation affect all components of the environment. Based on the problems, the aim of the work is to assess the environmental impact of the road on the environment by identifying and improving mechanisms to minimize negative environmental factors, taking into account the options of path movement of road.

The assessment of material effect on the value of roadside pollution of the environment exercise according to the usage of certain techniques. This article provides an assessment of environmental load based on methods OND-86, which is taken as the basis of a computer program in 2000 EOL [h] and allows to calculate the concentration of dispersion of pollutants in surface air. The level of air pollution regulated the MPC of harmful substances in the air of settlements, the observance of which is ensured by the maximum allowable emissions and time-allowable emissions from sources of industrial enterprises, the background concentrations.

The assessment of roadside pollution of the environment conducted on the basis of national importance highway Kyiv - Kharkiv - Dovzhansky 197 +000 km - 202 +000 km, which is located in Lubnu near Poltava region. To minimize environmental impacts it is necessary to provide the best options for passing the road. The study area is within the road with village Vilshanka crosses the forest about 197 +000 km -199 + 500 km to avoid the area of growth of tree species for this purpose takes Vilshanka river that overgrown with bushes and low-value tree species (aspen, willow, etc.). The road also crosses the nature monument of local importance «Morozov cottage» that approved by the Ministry of Regional Development, Construction and Housing and Communal Services of Ukraine.

The mass emission calculations carried out on the 10th separate calculation sections, which is necessary for the formation of planar emission sources in the program EOL.

The analysis of the survey results, given the promising traffic 23879 vehicles per day within a specified billing period is 20 years for the most adverse weather conditions, showed exceeding the permissible level in the atmosphere at a distance of 90.75 m from the edge of the roadway for nitrogen oxides, to 96 m group summation. According to the obtained maximum value, taking shelter belt width 96 m from the edge of the roadway. The level of noise load is 81 decibel. But by placing of noise protection screens and planting of green space, dispersion of pollutants occur at a safe altitude for the population, that it will ensure regulatory indicators of air quality limits for residential development and regulatory limits on the health gap 100 m.

KEYWORDS: ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL LOADING, DISPERSION OF POLLUTANTS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION, TIMED - ALLOWABLE EMISSIONS, BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS.

The results of development of algorithm of optimal monitoring network (for example, the road network of Shevchenkivskyi district of Kyiv) of traffic flows are represented in this article.This algorithm takes into account features of the distribution of streets and roads of different categories. The algorithm includes a step by step iterative procedure for finding the representative elementary (typical) areas within which it is recommended to establish fixed monitoring stations.

Iterative procedure for finding common areas of streets and roads includes: partitioning the road network of the city to the elements (streets and roads) by category in accordance with the current classification of streets and roads (road construction standards 360-92**);partitioning elements (streets and roads) into elementary areas with fixed structural features that determine the nature and parameters of the distribution of traffic flows; formation of similar groups of elementary sections of streets and roads with similar structural group characteristics; establishing the nature and parameters of the distribution of the individual structural feature within formed similar groups of elementary sections of streets and roads; finding the representative elementary parts of streets and roads by nature and parameters of the distribution of individual structural feature within similar groups.

The algorithm allows to construct optimal network observation of traffic flows that provide reliable information on the level of congestion of city streets and roads in the system of space-time monitoring of transport streams.

KEYWORDS: TRAFFIC FLOWS, STREET AND ROAD NETWORK, MONITORING NETWORK OF TRAFFIC FLOWS, ELEMENTARY AREAS OF STREETS AND ROADS, REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTARY PARTS.

The article presents the results of studies that were carried out on rollers made of steel SH-15 at maximum Hertz contact loads of 450, 570 and 680 MPa. Lubricant - transmission oil Honda Ultra DPSF, whose lifespan was 30 thousand kilometers, the initial bulk oil temperature - 18⁰C.

The object of study - the adsorption kinetics of formation of boundary layers. Goal is to determine the mechanisms of film formation in the local contact and establish patterns of change and anti-friction oil rheological properties depending on the adsorption kinetics of the boundary layers.

Research method - experimental determination of lubricating action in contact transmission oil Honda Ultra DPSF by measuring the voltage drop during normal glow discharge.

Start-up has the following regularity in the formation of film thickness depending on the load: the first-life, which corresponds to 100 cycles, in touch, regardless of load, implemented elastohydrodynamics mode lubrication in subsequent cycles developments lubricant contact surfaces occurs when the hydrodynamic mode.

With increasing contact load with up to 450 680 MPa investigated for oil has the following pattern of change in the thickness of the lubricating film at start-up: with increasing σ_max to 570 MPa reducing the thickness of the lubricating film is 16%, with an increase in the minds of up to 680 MPa lowering this setting is set to 4%, compared with the efficiency of lubrication at 450 MPa.

Since we applied the method of the IPN in NTR mode to determine the thickness of the lubricating film allows you to identify the nature of the current layer, the analysis of the results reveals the following features of lubricants in contact: when examining dehydrogenation component layer thickness up to 250 cycles developments at the stop disruption of the lubricating layer is observed in contact loads 450, 570, 680 MPa respectively 30%, 20% and 50% of cases, due to which there is metal contact surfaces.

KEY WORDS: THE THICKNESS OF THE LUBRICATION LAYER, RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OILS, LOAD IN CONTACT, BOUNDARY LUBRICATION LAYER.

The article presents some companies offer communications insurances. Are described the major factors determining the price of the policy, such as place of residence, age of a vehicle, owned discount, the amount of damage during the period of coverage. Effect of communications insurances in the amount of subsequent premiums are presented based on data from the companies: AXA, Compensa.

By means of passive safety in the event of an accident, the consequences of what it entails are usually much more smoother and their injuries much less serious. The paper analyzes the changes of technical parameters and changes structural in the field of passive safety placed in passenger cars from the early 70's.

Paper deals with the new methods for the explicit determination of the frequency characteristics of dynamic vibration absorbers by narrow frequency excitation. Few parameters numerical schemes of vibration analysis are under discussion. The influence of elastic and damping properties of the basic construction and dynamic vibration absorbers are considered. The influence of dynamic vibration absorbers and basic design elastic and damping properties is under discussion. The main task of this work is to analyze parameters identification of the dynamic vibration absorber and develop new numerical schemes. The discrete-continue models of machines dynamics of such machines as water pump with the attachment of dynamic vibration absorbers are offered. The algorithms for vibration decreasing of pump are received. The new vibroabsorbing elements are proposed. The main role in mechanical properties identification plays the topology of difference function set. The unique solution exists only when this set is convex. For the standard dynamic tests eigen-frequencies are the most usual scheme, as be shown below, it is wrong. This dynamic test must be complicated and the special experiments must be added. The bases of these experiments are the same dynamic vibration absorbers. The first eigen-frequencies are calculated and obtained experimentally for different masses attached to elastic elements of the dynamic vibration absorbers. The one-digit values are established not only for the dynamic vibration absorber parameters, but also for mechanical parameter of base structure - pump in connection points of the dynamic vibration absorbers.

KEY WORDS: WATER PUMP, FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS, DYNAMIC VIBRATION ABSORBER, ELASTIC AND DAMPING PROPERTIES, PARAMETERS IDENTIFICATION, ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS.

The article presents a brief description of nanotechnology. A review of the solutions used in the transport vehicle. The article focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in areas such a: production of fuels and lubricants, maintenance liquids, of painting coats, engine structure and measures to protect the body and the coating applied to the glass to protect them from dirt and water.

In the article the method of implementation and the results of modeling and analyzing the rational use of wind engines and the ability to install on modern vehicles.

The object of study - windmills.

Purpose of the study - to determine the possibility of using wind turbines in general and modern transport.

Research method - analytical and theoretical.

As a result of analytical and theoretical studies defined the use of wind turbines to generate electricity and the possibility of installation on the vehicle as a power plant.

The results are highlighted in the article may be used for further work in this area.

KEYWORDS: Wind turbines, energy, electricity bus, environmental performance

The aim of the researches presented in this paper was to determine the effect of some volume fractions of gasoline in the diesel fuel on the lubricating properties for such prepared fuel. A four-ball tester with a facility for a continuous load increase was used for the tests. The value of the seizing load was used as the lubricity assessment criteria.

The article presents the requirements necessary to perform the oversized cargo and discusses the types of vehicles used for this type of transport.

The article presents the issues related to the concept of green logistics, and general characteristics of electric vehicles and issues relating to emission standards for combustion engines. Moreover was compared actual emissions of toxic compounds on the example of selected electric vehicle to standards posed an internal combustion vehicles. The whole discussion was summarized respectively.

Article contains definitions of concepts suchas: «service», «servicequality», «maintenance», whichare basic to the improvement of car-care center’s service.

The value of the services described through the satisfaction of customer.

Showedsteps, which is the basis for a wideconcept of services.

Submitted the result of investigation of the process of formation of car-care center’s services and algorithm of their designing thatbasedon the Zaytemlya’s model.

Object of study - car-care centre’s services.

Purpose of the study - factors that affecting on the value of services for the consumer.

Research Result - algorithmof designing services interms of the process of creating value for the consumer.

Keywords: consumers, services, car-care centre’s, service value.

We analysed a mathematical equation approximated normalized bearing area curve Abbott-Firestone. The proposed feature R(x) is a convex combination of the two components of the function f₁(x) and f₂(x), with the respective weights of impact. Analytically determined intervals protrusions and depressions. The main attention was paid to the analysis to prove the existence of a single point of inflection of the proposed mathematical form R(x).

KEY WORDS:NORMALIZED BEARING AREA CURVE ABBOTT-FIRESTONE, APPROXIMATION, AN INFLECTION POINT, CONVEXITY AND CONCAVITY, PROPERTIES OF THE COMPONENT FUNCTIONS f₁(x) AND f₂(x)

This paper presents metallographic characteristics that drive the camshafts, respectively. intake and exhaust valves, high-rev engine with a capacity of 1.4 dm³. Camshafts are made of low-alloy chromium cast iron, identical for both shafts. The cams are whitened by metallurgical, through applied hardened casting process. Glassy pushers were made using wrought steel, which is equivalent national 40H, using the same technology. The outer and inner surface of the bottom disc hydraulic tappets hardened surface. Inside, push the shelf provided with a guide for validating machine hydraulic valve clearance. It was connected with the mantle push by friction welding. The final curing, the face and the outer shell followers, realized by ion nitriding.

KEY WORDS:HIGH-REV ENGINE CAMSHAFTS, CAM MADE OF CAST IRON HARDENED BY RAPID COOLING, HYDRAULIC LIFTERS THIN-WALLED, HARDENED LAYER ON STEEL

This article presents the analysis of visual, ergonomic and constructional factors and a bus ride control systems, with a particularly influence on the comfort and safety of the driver and especially the passengers traveling by city bus and its design. Constructional analysis concentrate on the city bus equipment and bus driver's cab in a special construction of the constructional systems that absorbs the energy of a side and frontal impact collision and roll over (frame driver’s cab structure and deformable steering wheel and reinforced skeleton of the city bus). It pays attention to the most important control unit of the city bus, which is the on-board computer with GPS/GPRS system and presents his most important tasks as well as the relations of active safety systems. It describes the cameras mobile monitoring system of the bus and increasing safety of driver bus and passengers in and outside the bus. It also presents visual passenger information system, which allow passengers to identify the line number and city bus routes on which the city buses are moving, with the information of post-up on the city buses timetables at bus stops and on the internet. Finally, attention was paid to facilities for people with disabilities, older people and carers of children's strollers. With all these solutions buses transport have become more attractive, convenient and secure than ever before, and most importantly, have become an interesting alternative to private transport in congested cities.

Object of study - steel bars of armature of reinforce-concrete blocks of underground bunkers of rate of «Vervol'f».

Purpose of the study - determination fiziko-mechanical, metallurgical and technological properties of steel bars of armature of reinforce-concrete blocks of bunkers of rate of «Vervol'f».

Method of the study - mechanical properties of bars were probed with application of tverdomiriv of Rokvella and Brinellya, bursting machine with the record of the crooked fluidity, pile-driver, for determination of shock viscidity; the study of microstructure was carried out with bringing in of optical microstructure with making of mikroshlifiv; composition of material determinations of class of steel of bars of armature were probed with bringing in of electronic microscope-analyzer of the system «Camscan-4dv».

Forecast assumptions - in the case when for connection of bars of armature welding is not used, but used it follows to alloy mechanical «v’yazannya» material of the last (steel construction) an aluminium, titan and chrome, with the purpose of diminishing of grain of microstructure and to add this steel of annealing. It will promote plasticity of steel. For the increase of corrosive firmness of bars of armature it follows to alloy material of the last silicon and manganese (to gravimetric 1% each) and promote content of carbon and in steel to acquisition by steel.

KEYWORDS: BARS of ARMATURE, MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, CORROSIVE FIRMNESS, SILICON, MANGANESE, CARBON, STEEL.

An attitude to analysis of curvilinear motion of road train provided by the twin operating mechanism on the front axle of semitrailer is propose in article/

The subject of research is the maneuverability of road train provided by the twin operating mechanism on the front axle of semitrailer.

The purpose of work is the selection and substantiation of the operating mechanism of steering axle of semitrailer and transmission ratio of operating mechanism, whereby provide the normalized index of road train maneuverability.

Method of research - analytical.

Improvement the properties of maneuverability of road trains have come about through the choice of the corresponding control system by wheels (shafts) of hook-on links.

It is well known that for ensuring the following of semitrailer with a mover trajectory the transmission ratio of a control system of the semi-trailer has to change ranging from ¥ to 0 with different intensity depending on regime coefficient of turning movement. Creation of such optimum control system for semi-trailers presents certain difficulties because turning movement of wheels of the semi-trailer has to be carried out depending on the forward speed of movement of the road train and angular speed of turning movement of steered wheels of the mover and its design will be too difficult.

Control law of wheels of the semi-trailer which was receipt is fundamentally non-linear. Its implementation is possible only when using the multiplex microprocessor control system. At the same time, pilot researches of maneuverability of road trains showed, what even for systems of a mechanical control which realize double steering communication, it is possible to reach the minimum deviations of a trajectory of the semi-trailer concerning a mover trajectory.

Transmission ratio of the twin operating mechanism on the front axle of semitrailer was determined. It is shown that on conditions that normalized value of turning radius of road train amount R_зг= 12,5 m, R_вг=5,3 m, the transmission ratio is і₀=0,92. In case of reducing of clearance radius the transmission ratio of the operating mechanism on the front axle of semitrailer is radius too. In case of rising of clearance radius more than 12,5 m the transmission ratio of the operating mechanism is rise too and for radius R_зг= 13,0 m it verge towards 1, in other words the semi-trailers become uncontrolled.

Results of article can be implemented in control systems of semi-trailers of long-wheelbase road trains.

KEYWORDS: THE ROAD TRAIN, THE CONTROL SYSTEM, STEERING COMMUNICATION, TRANSMISSION RATIO, CONTROL ALGORITHM, THE SEMI-TRAILER.

The article discusses the methodology of creating a comprehensive management system model based on HEV car transitions between modes of work.

Object of the study - a model management system of hybrid vehicle propulsion executed in parallel.

Method of research - analytical studies.

As a result of analytical studies of a model was developed and established an integrated management system model based on HEV car transitions between its modes. We consider a model of a vehicle control system with HEV executed in parallel arrangement. It will be carried out simulation of the developed model -based control test stand equipped with Atmega microcontroller family and conducted road tests on an experimental car with HEV developed at the Department of «Automobile» NTU.

The results can be used to optimize the parameters of the power plant and transmission system in the car, «the car - environment».

KEYWORDS: AUTOMOBILE, SIMULATION, CONTROL, ENGINE, SPEED, PARALLEL CIRCUITS, HYBRID.

The purpose of this of work is determination needed capacity of batteries for vehicles with hybrid power plant taking into account-mass characteristics and values of single runs.

Made theoretical research energy consumption for performing the electric or hybrid car with urban driving cycle. In view of these energy consumption and percentage distribution of the length single vehicles trips defines the necessary capacity traction batteries LiFePO₄. Were determined capacity traction batteries depending on the mass of cars.

KEYWORDS: ENERGY, BATTERY, RESISTANCE FORCE, A SINGLE TRIP, THE PATH, VELOCITY, ACCELERATION.

A large amount of electronic waste is generated by using electronic equipment. Design solutions will prevent the generation of waste batteries, minimiziroat them reduce, re-use, recovery spending.

The aim of the article is to determine the prerequisites for collecting and recycling batteries.

Tasks of it are:

- The macro factors influence the results of the project to evaluate.

- Strategic problem tree and tree of objectives to analyze the concept of the project to develop, SMART-formulated project objectives.

- Project stakeholders to analyze, model Mitchell participants build significance, value and determine the expected results.

The main task of the project of collection and recycling of batteries is to reduce the negative impact of domestic waste electrical and electronic equipment, improving of the environment. The specific objective is informing of the residents of the city of Kiev on the safe handling of household waste electrical and electronic equipment. Project tasks are conducting education company for young people about the dangers of Kiev and the proper handling of waste household electronic equipment.

KEYWORDS: WASTE HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT, STRATEGIC PROBLEM TREE AND GOALS, PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS.

Analysis of European experience in the spehere of aviation biofuels certification is presented in the article. Detailed analysis of the material shows that feedstock for aviation biofuel production can be obtained from a great diversity of biomass, but it should be sustainable obligatory. The main purpose of aviation biofuels application is aimed on reduction of carbon dioxide emissions 80 % lower comparing to the use of conventional jet fuel. Today, number of airlines has already started practicing jet biofuels during their regular flights. The list of companies succeeded in this experience is given in the article. However, before application in aviation, biofuels need to meet a set of requirements. In order to unify these requirements EU authorities introduced the Renewable energy directive (RED) that is considered in the article. One more directive - about fuel quality (FQD) is also related to this topic. The article gives detailed overview of these directives. Another issue presented in the article is sustainability certification of biofuels in EU. The current scheme of certification of aviation biofuels sustainability is described along with the activity of leading companies executing such kind of certification. The article pays attention on the criteria that should be met during biofuels certification. Among them are: greenhouse gases, high biodiversity value lands use, high carbon, stock lands use, peatland use, requirements to good agricultural and ecological conditions, social sustainability, water, soil and air protection measures. One more issue considered in this work is life-cycle assessment (LCA) of biofuels. Life-cycle assessment is used as a tool for estimation greenhouse gases emissions reduction using biofuels comparing to traditional jet fuels. Other words it is used as a methodology for biofuels efficiency estimation. Results of life-cycle assessment of various kinds of alternative fuels have shown that fuels obtained from renewable feedstock have less negative impact on environment comparing to conventional fossil fuels. The article describes briefly the most developed and popular technologies of alternative jet fuel production (including both from renewable and non renewable feedstock). However, despite the type of resource used, there is a set of general requirements that jet fuels should meet. These requirements foresee certain physical-chemical and exploitation properties, which fuels should posses. The requirements are described in the article and should be satisfied obligatory. First of all it is explained by that fact that jet fuels quality plays an exclusively important role in provision of flight safety and aircraft reliability.

KEYWORDS: JET BIOFUELS, ALTERNATIVE JET FUELS, BIOFUELS, LIFE-CYCLE, LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS, CERTIFICATION